SAT Question 3638f413: Ratios Rates Proportional Relationships And Units answer and explanation with Desmos solution

The situation can be represented by the equation $x\times (2^4)=480$, where the $2$ represents the fact that the amount of money in the account doubled each year and the $4$ represents the fact that there are $4$ years between January 1, $2001$, and January 1, $2005$. Simplifying $x\times (2^4)=480$ gives $16x=480$. Therefore, $x=30$.