SAT Question 36944347: Form Structure And Sense answer and explanation

English - Form Structure And Sense - Pronoun Antecedent Agreement
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Official measurements of the Mississippi River’s length vary: according to the US Geologic Survey, the river is 2,300 miles long, whereas the Environmental Protection Agency records its length as 2,320 miles. This disparity can be explained in part by the fact that rivers such as the Mississippi expand and contract as ______ sediment.
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Difficulty:Medium
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?