SAT Question b4123d99: Transitions answer and explanation

English - Transitions - Cause Effect Transition
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For millennia, acorns were a staple food for the Tongva people, the Indigenous inhabitants of what is now the Los Angeles basin. Raw acorns have an extremely bitter taste, though, due to their high tannin levels. ______ it was necessary to process the acorns—which involved grinding, rinsing, and shaping the nuts into a dough—before eating them.
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Difficulty:Easy
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?