SAT Question bdab32fc: Words In Context answer and explanation

English - Words In Context - Fill In Blank Single Word
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Cucurbits, a group of plants that includes squash and melons, relied on mastodons to spread their seeds in the Ice Age. When these animals died out, cucurbits faced extinction in turn, having lost their means of seed dispersal. Around this time, however, the ancestors of Indigenous peoples in North America began raising cucurbits as crops, thus ______ the plants’ survival.
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Difficulty:Easy
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?