SAT Question 5a97d9cd: Words In Context answer and explanation

English - Words In Context - Fill In Blank Multi Word Phrase
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In a study of residential mobility in Washington, DC, LaTanya Brown-Robertson et al. found that increases in household spending power (via tax credits) had mixed effects on mobility decisions, possibly because residential location choices are not fully reducible to economic factors but are also ______ noneconomic factors such as access to strong local social networks.
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Difficulty:Hard
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?