Explanation
Correct answer: B.
Choice B is the best answer. "By contrast" logically signals that the information about how Massey defined space—by focusing on socio-political forces—contrasts with the information in the previous clause, which discusses quantitative analytical approaches and spatial technologies.
Why the other choices are wrong
Choice A
Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence exemplifies the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach.
Choice C
Choice C is incorrect because "as such" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence is a direct result or logical consequence of the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach.
Choice D
Choice D is incorrect because "likewise" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence is similar to the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach.
Student discussion
marcosat 0 likes
understanding what the passage means could be tricky given the subject at matter. However, if broken down, it can be understood. There are people that adhere (use) quantitative analytical approaches, who delinate space (or quantify space) baed on the use of GIS spatial technologies. So space can be delinated using technology. Moreover, the second part of the passage introduces a cultural geographer that defines space as constantly moving. Which is quite the opposite of the first idea.